SENATE BILL NO. 112
INTRODUCED BY E. FRANKLIN
BY REQUEST OF THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
AN ACT DEFINING "FINGERPRINTS" FOR PURPOSES OF THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION ACT; EXPANDING THE GROUP OF PERSONS SUBJECT TO THE DNA TESTING LAW; DEFINING TERMS USED IN THE DNA TESTING LAW; AMENDING SECTIONS 44-5-103, 44-6-101, 44-6-102, 44-6-103, 46-18-202, AND 46-23-215, MCA; AND PROVIDING AN IMMEDIATE EFFECTIVE DATE AND A RETROACTIVE APPLICABILITY DATE.
BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF MONTANA:
Section 1. Section 44-5-103, MCA, is amended to read:
"44-5-103. Definitions. As used in this chapter, the following definitions apply:
(1) "Access" means the ability to read, change, copy, use, transfer, or disseminate criminal justice information maintained by criminal justice agencies.
(2) "Administration of criminal justice" means the performance of any of the following activities: detection, apprehension, detention, pretrial release, posttrial release, prosecution, adjudication, correctional supervision, or rehabilitation of accused persons or criminal offenders. It includes criminal identification activities and the collection, storage, and dissemination of criminal justice information.
(3) "Confidential criminal justice information" means:
(a) criminal investigative information;
(b) criminal intelligence information;
(c) fingerprints and photographs;
(d) criminal justice information or records made confidential by law; and
(e) any other criminal justice information not clearly defined as public criminal justice information.
(4) (a) "Criminal history record information" means information about individuals collected by criminal justice agencies consisting of identifiable descriptions and notations of arrests; detentions; the filing of complaints, indictments, or informations and dispositions arising therefrom; sentences; correctional status; and release. It includes identification information, such as fingerprint records or photographs, unless the information is obtained for purposes other than the administration of criminal justice.
(b) Criminal history record information does not include:
(i) records of traffic offenses maintained by the department of justice; or
(ii) court records.
(5) (a) "Criminal intelligence information" means information associated with an identifiable individual, group, organization, or event compiled by a criminal justice agency:
(i) in the course of conducting an investigation relating to a major criminal conspiracy, projecting potential criminal operation, or producing an estimate of future major criminal activities; or
(ii) in relation to the reliability of information, including information derived from reports of informants or investigators or from any type of surveillance.
(b) Criminal intelligence information does not include information relating to political surveillance or criminal investigative information.
(6) "Criminal investigative information" means information associated with an individual, group, organization, or event compiled by a criminal justice agency in the course of conducting an investigation of a crime or crimes. It includes information about a crime or crimes derived from reports of informants or investigators or from any type of surveillance. It does not include criminal intelligence information.
(7) "Criminal justice agency" means:
(a) any court with criminal jurisdiction;
(b) any federal, state, or local government agency designated by statute or by a governor's executive order to perform as its principal function the administration of criminal justice;
(c) any local government agency not included under subsection (7)(b) that performs as its principal function the administration of criminal justice pursuant to an ordinance or local executive order; or
(d) any agency of a foreign nation that has been designated by that nation's law or chief executive officer to perform as its principal function the administration of criminal justice and that has been approved for the receipt of criminal justice information by the Montana attorney general, who may consult with the United States department of justice.
(8) "Criminal justice information" means information relating to criminal justice collected, processed, or preserved by a criminal justice agency. It does not include the administrative records of a criminal justice agency.
(9) "Criminal justice information system" means a system, automated or manual, operated by foreign, federal, regional, state, or local governments or governmental organizations for collecting, processing, preserving, or disseminating criminal justice information. It includes equipment, facilities, procedures, and agreements.
(10) (a) "Disposition" means information disclosing that criminal proceedings against an individual have terminated and describing the nature of the termination or information relating to sentencing, correctional supervision, release from correctional supervision, the outcome of appellate or collateral review of criminal proceedings, or executive clemency. Criminal proceedings have terminated if a decision has been made not to bring charges or criminal proceedings have been concluded, abandoned, or indefinitely postponed.
(b) Particular dispositions include but are not limited to:
(i) conviction at trial or on a plea of guilty;
(ii) acquittal;
(iii) acquittal by reason of mental disease or defect;
(iv) acquittal by reason of mental incompetence;
(v) the sentence imposed, including all conditions attached to the sentence by the sentencing judge;
(vi) deferred imposition of sentence with any conditions of deferral;
(vii) nolle prosequi;
(viii) a nolo contendere plea;
(ix) deferred prosecution or diversion;
(x) bond forfeiture;
(xi) death;
(xii) release as a result of a successful collateral attack;
(xiii) dismissal of criminal proceedings by the court with or without the commencement of a civil action for determination of mental incompetence or mental illness;
(xiv) a finding of civil incompetence or mental illness;
(xv) exercise of executive clemency;
(xvi) correctional placement on probation or parole or release; or
(xvii) revocation of probation or parole.
(c) A single arrest of an individual may result in more than one disposition.
(11) "Dissemination" means the communication or transfer of criminal justice information to individuals or agencies other than the criminal justice agency that maintains the information. It includes confirmation of the existence or nonexistence of criminal justice information.
(12) "Fingerprints" means the recorded friction ridge skin of the fingers, palms, or soles of the feet.
(12)(13) "Public criminal justice information" means information:
(a) information made public by law;
(b) information of court records and proceedings;
(c) information of convictions, deferred sentences, and deferred prosecutions;
(d) information of postconviction proceedings and status;
(e) information originated by a criminal justice agency, including:
(i) initial offense reports;
(ii) initial arrest records;
(iii) bail records; and
(iv) daily jail occupancy rosters;
(f) information considered necessary by a criminal justice agency to secure public assistance in the apprehension of a suspect; or
(g) statistical information.
(13)(14) "State repository" means the recordkeeping systems maintained by the department of justice pursuant to
44-2-201 in which criminal history record information is collected, processed, preserved, and disseminated.
(14)(15) "Statistical information" means data derived from records in which individuals are not identified or
identification is deleted and from which neither individual identity nor any other unique characteristic that could identify an
individual is ascertainable."
Section 2. Section 44-6-101, MCA, is amended to read:
"44-6-101. Definitions. As used in this part, the following definitions apply:
(1) "Biological sample" means cheek cells removed by using a buccal swab of a type authorized by the department or a vial or other container of blood.
(1)(2) "Department" means the department of justice provided for in 2-15-2001.
(2)(3) "DNA" means deoxyribonucleic acid.
(3)(4) "DNA identification index" means the DNA identification record system established under 44-6-102.
(4)(5) "DNA record" means DNA identification information stored in the DNA identification index for purposes of
establishing identification in connection with law enforcement investigations or supporting statistical interpretation of the
results of DNA analysis. The DNA record is considered the objective form of the results of a DNA analysis, such as the
numerical representation of DNA fragment lengths, autoradiographs and the digital image of autoradiographs, and discrete
allele assignment numbers.
(5)(6) "DNA testing" means DNA analysis of materials derived from the human body for the purposes of identification
consistent with this part.
(6)(7) "Forensic DNA laboratory" means any laboratory operated by state government that performs DNA analysis on
materials derived from the human body for use as evidence in a criminal proceeding or for purposes of identification.
(7)(8) "Marker" means a method of describing individuals by genetic profile, such as blood or DNA type, and has the
specific meaning given to the word by department rule, which must take into account the meaning generally given to the
word for forensic typing by DNA technologists.
(8)(9) "Sexual offense" means the offenses contained in the definition of that term in 46-23-502.
(9)(10) "Violent offense" has the meaning contained in 46-23-502."
Section 3. Section 44-6-102, MCA, is amended to read:
"44-6-102. Establishment of DNA identification index. (1) The department shall establish a computerized DNA identification index for the receipt, storage, and exchange of DNA records. The DNA identification index is the central repository for DNA records in the state of Montana.
(2) The DNA identification index must include:
(a) DNA records for an individual convicted of, or a youth found under 41-5-1502 to have committed, a sexual offense
or violent offense; and
(b) DNA records for a person upon order of a sentencing judge under 46-18-202; and
(b)(c) analyses of DNA samples recovered from crime scenes, medical examinations, and unidentified human remains.
For purposes of identification of missing persons, the DNA identification index may include DNA records of close
biological relatives of a missing person.
(3) The DNA identification index and the DNA testing done by a forensic DNA laboratory must be compatible with the systems of DNA identification used by other criminal justice agencies or private testing laboratories to the extent necessary to permit the exchange of DNA information.
(4) The DNA records collected and stored in the DNA identification index may contain only information relating to the identification of individuals. Information that identifies a person that is the subject of a record must be limited to the information that is necessary to pursue criminal investigations and to support statistical interpretation of results.
(5) The DNA identification index may be used:
(a) by law enforcement agencies for purposes of identification in the course of criminal investigations and proceedings;
(b) to assist in the identification of human remains, including identification of missing persons; and
(c) if information allowing a person to be identified is removed, for a population statistics database and for identification, research, and protocol development for forensic DNA analysis and quality control."
Section 4. Section 44-6-103, MCA, is amended to read:
"44-6-103. Collection of samples and maintenance of data. (1) Following entry of judgment, a person convicted of a
sexual offense or violent offense, or a youth found under 41-5-1502 to have committed a sexual offense or violent offense,
or a defendant ordered under 46-18-202 to provide a biological sample for DNA testing shall provide to a person or entity
designated by the county attorney a biological sample of blood for DNA analysis to determine identification characteristics
specific to the person. The sample must be provided to the department of corrections if the person is incarcerated in a
facility administered by the department of corrections. If the person is not incarcerated in a facility administered by the
department of corrections, the sample must be provided to a person or entity designated by the county sheriff.
(2) The blood biological sample must be collected, stored, and sent by the department of corrections or the person or
entity designated by the county attorney sheriff under subsection (1) to the department for entry in the DNA identification
index in accordance with rules adopted by the department with the advice of the department of public health and human
services.
(3) The forensic DNA laboratory may perform DNA analysis only for those markers that have value for law enforcement identification purposes.
(4) The knowing refusal or failure to provide a biological sample under this part is grounds for revocation of a suspended or deferred imposition of sentence."
Section 5. Section 46-18-202, MCA, is amended to read:
"46-18-202. Additional restrictions on sentence. (1) The court may also impose any of the following restrictions or conditions on the sentence provided for in 46-18-201 that it considers necessary to obtain the objectives of rehabilitation and the protection of the victim and society:
(a) prohibition of the defendant's holding public office;
(b) prohibition of the defendant's owning or carrying a dangerous weapon;
(c) restrictions on the defendant's freedom of association;
(d) restrictions on the defendant's freedom of movement;
(e) a requirement that the defendant provide a biological sample for DNA testing for purposes of Title 44, chapter 6, part 1, if an agreement to do so is part of the plea bargain;
(e)(f) any other limitation reasonably related to the objectives of rehabilitation and the protection of the victim and
society.
(2) Whenever the district court imposes a sentence of imprisonment in the state prison for a term exceeding 1 year, the court may also impose the restriction that the defendant is ineligible for parole and participation in the supervised release program while serving that term. If the restriction is to be imposed, the court shall state the reasons for it in writing. If the court finds that the restriction is necessary for the protection of society, it shall impose the restriction as part of the sentence and the judgment must contain a statement of the reasons for the restriction.
(3) When the court imposes a sentence of probation, as defined in 46-23-1001, any probation agreement signed by the defendant may contain a clause waiving extradition.
(4) Whenever the district court imposes a sentence of imprisonment in the state prison for a violation of 45-5-502(3), 45-5-503, 45-5-504(2)(c), 45-5-507 (unless the act occurred between two consenting persons 16 years of age or older), or 45-5-625, the court may also impose the restriction that the defendant be ineligible for a good time allowance while serving that term. If such a restriction is to be imposed, the court shall state the reasons for it in writing. If the court finds that the restriction is necessary for the protection of society, it shall impose the restriction as part of the sentence and the judgment must contain a statement of the reasons for the restriction."
Section 6. Section 46-23-215, MCA, is amended to read:
"46-23-215. Conditions of parole. (1) A prisoner while on parole remains in the legal custody of the correctional facility from which the prisoner was released but is subject to the orders of the board.
(2) When an order for parole is issued, it must recite the conditions of parole. If restitution was imposed as part of the sentence under 46-18-201, the order of parole must contain a condition to pay restitution to the victim. The prisoner may not be paroled until the prisoner provides a biological sample for purposes of Title 44, chapter 6, part 1, if the prisoner has not already done so under 44-6-103 and if the prisoner was convicted of, or was found under 41-5-1502 to have committed, a sexual offense or violent offense as defined in 46-23-502. An order for parole or any parole agreement signed by a prisoner may contain a clause waiving extradition.
(3) Whenever a prisoner in the Montana state prison or the Montana women's prison has been approved for parole on condition that the prisoner obtain employment or secure suitable living arrangements or on any other condition that is difficult to fulfill while incarcerated, the warden may grant the prisoner a furlough, not to exceed 10 days, for purposes of fulfilling the condition. While on furlough, the prisoner remains in the legal custody of the prison and is subject to all other conditions recited by the board."
Section 7. Retroactive applicability. [Section 6] applies retroactively, within the meaning of 1-2-109, to persons sentenced or in the custody or under the supervision of the department of corrections on or after March 27, 1995, the effective date of the original DNA testing and identification law.
Section 8. Effective date. [This act] is effective on passage and approval.
- END -
Latest Version of SB 112 (SB0112.ENR)
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