41-3-445. Permanency plan hearing. (1) (a) (i) Subject to subsection (1)(b), a permanency plan hearing must be held by the court:
     (A) within 30 days of a determination that reasonable efforts to provide preservation or reunification services are not necessary under 41-3-423, 41-3-438(6), or 41-3-442(1); and
     (B) no later than 12 months after the initial court finding that the child has been subjected to abuse or neglect or 12 months after the child's first 60 days of removal from the home, whichever comes first.
     (ii) Within 12 months of a hearing under subsection (1)(a)(i)(B) and every 12 months thereafter until the child is permanently placed in either an adoptive or a guardianship placement, the court shall conduct a hearing and make a finding whether the department has made reasonable efforts to finalize the permanency plan for the child.
     (b) A permanency plan hearing is not required if the proceeding has been dismissed, the child was not removed from the home, or the child has been returned to the child's parent or guardian.
     (c) The permanency plan hearing may be combined with a hearing that is required in other sections of this part if held within the time limits of that section. If a permanency plan hearing is combined with another hearing, the requirements of the court related to the disposition of the other hearing must be met in addition to the requirements of this section.
     (2) At least 3 working days prior to the permanency plan hearing, the department and the guardian ad litem shall each submit a report regarding the child to the court for review. The report must address the department's efforts to effectuate the permanency plan for the child, address the options for the child's permanent placement, examine the reasons for excluding higher priority options, and set forth the proposed plan to carry out the placement decision, including specific times for achieving the plan.
     (3) At least 3 working days prior to the permanency plan hearing, an attorney or advocate for a parent or guardian may submit an informational report to the court for review.
     (4) The court's order must be issued within a reasonable time after the permanency plan hearing. The court shall make findings on whether the permanency plan is in the best interests of the child and whether the department has made reasonable efforts to finalize the plan. The court shall order the department to take whatever additional steps are necessary to effectuate the terms of the plan.
     (5) In its discretion, the court may enter any other order that it determines to be in the best interests of the child that does not conflict with the options provided in subsection (6) and that does not require an expenditure of money by the department unless the court finds after notice and a hearing that the expenditures are reasonable and that resources are available for payment. The department is the payor of last resort after all family, insurance, and other resources have been examined.
     (6) Permanency options include:
     (a) reunification of the child with the child's parent or guardian;
     (b) adoption;
     (c) appointment of a guardian pursuant to 41-3-444; or
     (d) long-term custody if the child is in a planned permanent living arrangement established by a preponderance of the evidence, which is reflected in specific findings by the court, that:
     (i) the child is being cared for by a fit and willing relative;
     (ii) the child has an emotional or mental handicap that is so severe that the child cannot function in a family setting and the best interests of the child are served by placement in a residential or group setting;
     (iii) the child is at least 16 years of age and is participating in an independent living program and that termination of parental rights is not in the best interests of the child;
     (iv) the child's parent is incarcerated and circumstances, including placement of the child and continued, frequent contact with the parent, indicate that it would not be in the best interests of the child to terminate parental rights of that parent; or
     (v) the child meets the following criteria:
     (A) the child has been adjudicated a youth in need of care;
     (B) the department has made reasonable efforts to reunite the parent and child, further efforts by the department would likely be unproductive, and reunification of the child with the parent or guardian would be contrary to the best interests of the child;
     (C) there is a judicial finding that other more permanent placement options for the child have been considered and found to be inappropriate or not to be in the child's best interests; and
     (D) the child has been in a placement in which the foster parent or relative has committed to the long-term care and to a relationship with the child, and it is in the best interests of the child to remain in that placement.
     (7) The court may terminate a planned permanent living arrangement upon petition of the birth parents or the department if the court finds that the circumstances of the child or family have substantially changed and the best interests of the child are no longer being served.

     History: En. Sec. 11, Ch. 516, L. 1997; amd. Sec. 3, Ch. 428, L. 1999; amd. Sec. 12, Ch. 566, L. 1999; amd. Sec. 12, Ch. 281, L. 2001; amd. Sec. 13, Ch. 311, L. 2001; Sec. , MCA 1999; redes. by Sec. 17(2), Ch. 281, L. 2001; amd. Sec. 14, Ch. 504, L. 2003.