2023 Montana Legislature

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House joint resolution NO. 2

INTRODUCED BY B. Beard

By Request of the Revenue Interim Committee

 

A joint resolution of the Senate and the House of Representatives of the state of montana ESTABLISHING AN OFFICIAL ESTIMATE OF THE STATE'S GENERAL FUND REVENUE FOR FISCAL YEAR 2023 AND EACH FISCAL YEAR OF THE 2024-2025 BIENNIUM FOR THE PURPOSE OF ACHIEVING A BALANCED BUDGET AS REQUIRED BY ARTICLE VIII, SECTION 9, OF THE MONTANA CONSTITUTION; ACCEPTING A PRELIMINARY UNASSIGNED GENERAL FUND BALANCE; ESTABLISHING OFFICIAL ESTIMATES OF CERTAIN NONGENERAL FUND REVENUE; AND REQUESTING THAT THE GOVERNOR'S OFFICE OF BUDGET AND PROGRAM PLANNING USE THE REVENUE ESTIMATES CONTAINED IN THIS RESOLUTION AS OFFICIAL ESTIMATES FOR FISCAL YEARS 2023, 2024, AND 2025.

 

WHEREAS, Article VI, section 9, of the Montana Constitution requires the Governor to submit to the Legislature a budget for the ensuing fiscal period, containing in detail for all operating funds the proposed expenditures and estimated revenue of the state; and

WHEREAS, Article VIII, section 9, of the Montana Constitution prohibits the Legislature from appropriating funds in excess of the anticipated revenue of the state; and

WHEREAS, section 5-5-227(2), MCA, requires the Revenue Interim Committee to estimate the amount of revenue projected to be available for legislative appropriation and to introduce a resolution setting forth the Committee's current revenue estimate; and

WHEREAS, section 5-5-227(3), MCA, expresses the Legislature's intent that its revenue estimates and the underlying assumptions used to derive those estimates be used by all agencies in the development of fiscal notes; and

WHEREAS, the Revenue Interim Committee obtained the assistance of the Legislative Fiscal Analyst in the development of the revenue estimates; and

WHEREAS, the Revenue Interim Committee also obtained the assistance of Executive Branch agencies in the development of the revenue estimates; and

WHEREAS, the Revenue Interim Committee has adopted revenue estimates and the underlying assumptions used to derive those estimates for the general fund and for specific nongeneral fund sources that are significant in the development of the state budget for fiscal year 2023 and the 2024-2025 biennium; and

WHEREAS, section 5-5-227(3), MCA, provides that the Revenue Interim Committee's estimate, as introduced in the Legislature, constitutes the Legislature's current revenue estimate until amended or until final adoption of the estimate by both houses; and

WHEREAS, the amount of estimated revenue and the general fund balance affects policy decisions of the Executive Branch and the Legislative Branch; and

WHEREAS, the revenue estimates and the underlying assumptions contained in this resolution provide the basis for a comprehensive analysis of the state's revenue condition.

 

Now, therefore, be it resolved by the Senate and the House of Representatives OF THE STATE OF MONTANA:

That the state general fund revenue for fiscal years 2023, 2024, and 2025 be estimated to be $3,800,273,000, $3,710,034,000, and $3,782,680,000, respectively.

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that the Legislature accept for budget purposes the preliminary unassigned fiscal year 2022 fund balance of $1,854,385,159 for the general fund, prepared according to generally accepted accounting principles.

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that the Governor's Office of Budget and Program Planning use the revenue estimates and the underlying assumptions contained in this resolution as the official revenue estimates for fiscal years 2023, 2024, and 2025.

 

GENERAL FUND REVENUE

The projections for general fund revenue for fiscal years 2023, 2024, and 2025 are based on the assumptions of the continuation of Montana and federal law as it existed on January 1, 2023. The revenue estimates contained in the following tables are based on the assumptions listed in the tables that follow the general fund estimates and the assumptions for each general fund revenue source (as adopted by the Revenue Interim Committee) contained in the "Legislative Budget Analysis, 2025 Biennium, Volume 2 -- Revenue Estimates" prepared by the Legislative Fiscal Division.

Current Law

General Fund Revenue Estimates

(In Millions of Dollars)

Actual

Estimated

Estimated

Estimated

Source of Revenue

FY 2022

FY 2023

FY 2024

FY 2025

Largest Seven Sources

Individual Income Tax

$2,393.807

$2,033.784

$2,086.756

$2,178.325

Property Tax

335.114

351.821

443.144

450.817

Corporation Income Tax

293.683

284.335

277.207

271.356

Vehicle Taxes & Fees

121.138

121.546

122.263

123.246

Oil & Natural Gas Production Tax

70.510

78.712

73.262

72.045

Insurance Tax & License Fees

97.940

101.387

105.838

110.608

Video Gambling Tax

77.881

80.185

83.666

86.895

Largest Seven Sources Subtotal

3,390.075

3,051.770

3,192.135

3,293.291

Other Business Taxes

Driver's License Fee

6.171

5.854

5.919

5.972

Investment License Fee

19.535

20.182

20.741

21.314

Lodging Taxes

46.175

51.124

57.476

61.792

Public Contractors Tax

2.840

4.196

4.300

4.396

Railroad Car Tax

4.020

4.799

5.496

5.534

Rental Car Sales Tax

6.823

8.114

7.978

8.250

Telecommunications Excise Tax

8.571

7.891

5.631

4.634

Other Business Taxes Subtotal

94.134

102.161

107.541

111.892

Other Natural Resource Taxes

Coal Severance Tax

15.359

21.374

20.644

17.218

Electrical Energy Tax

3.930

3.841

3.536

3.383

Metalliferous Mines Tax

12.210

11.254

11.363

11.369

US Mineral Royalty

19.464

28.143

24.212

20.291

Wholesale Energy Tax

3.352

3.427

3.410

3.398

Other Natural Resource Taxes Subtotal

54.315

68.038

63.166

55.660

Other Interest Earnings

Coal Trust Interest

16.561

17.947

18.857

19.657

Treasury Cash Account Interest

11.776

101.367

126.591

98.569

Other Interest Earnings Subtotal

28.337

119.315

145.448

118.225

Other Consumption Taxes

Beer Tax

3.202

3.294

3.329

3.362

Cigarette Tax

27.993

27.517

26.889

26.069

Liquor Excise & License Tax

29.166

31.241

32.282

33.409

Liquor Profits

21.879

22.600

23.700

24.300

Lottery Profits

15.311

15.264

15.508

15.683

Marijuana Tax

14.238

27.401

27.975

29.107

Tobacco Tax

5.565

5.451

5.366

5.253

Wine Tax

2.573

2.641

2.699

2.760

Other Consumption Taxes Subtotal

119.928

135.409

137.748

139.943

Other Sources

All Other Revenue

180.512

305.512

46.451

46.662

Highway Patrol Fines

3.533

3.503

3.518

3.518

Nursing Facilities Fee

3.447

3.153

2.942

2.731

Public Institution Reimbursements

13.933

8.070

7.758

7.446

Tobacco Settlement

3.426

3.342

3.327

3.312

Other Sources Subtotal

204.851

323.580

63.996

63.669

Total General Fund

$3,891.640

$3,800.273

$3,710.034

$3,782.680

 

SIGNIFICANT ASSUMPTIONS FOR GENERAL FUND REVENUE ESTIMATES

Year

Assumption

2022

2023

2024

2025

Largest Seven Sources

 

Individual Income Tax

CY

Wage & salary income growth

10.3%

5.3%

4.0%

4.0%

CY

Interest income growth

-0.1%

7.4%

10.9%

3.4%

CY

Dividend income growth

28.5%

9.6%

0.0%

1.9%

CY

Taxable refunds growth

0.0%

0.0%

0.0%

0.0%

CY

Alimony received growth

0.0%

0.0%

0.0%

0.0%

CY

Net business growth

6.2%

-1.0%

-1.8%

-0.2%

CY

Capital gains income growth

-25.0%

-4.8%

5.0%

11.2%

CY

Supplemental gains income growth

-16.8%

-16.8%

0.0%

0.0%

CY

Rents, royalties & partnership income growth

5.3%

-2.4%

2.5%

3.1%

CY

IRA income growth

-10.0%

1.8%

4.6%

4.3%

CY

Taxable pension income growth

9.2%

5.9%

4.2%

4.3%

CY

Taxable social security income growth

7.6%

9.0%

5.1%

4.6%

CY

Farm income growth

0.0%

0.0%

0.0%

0.0%

CY

Unemployment compensation growth

-72.5%

0.0%

0.0%

0.0%

CY

Other income growth

0.0%

0.0%

0.0%

0.0%

CY

Total additions (Millions)

$698.283

$688.774

-

-

CY

Total adjustments (Millions)

$524.973

$538.995

-

-

CY

Total reductions (Millions)

$1,981.589

$2,023.309

-

-

CY

Federal inflation factor

2.9%

6.3%

4.3%

2.2%

CY

State inflation factor

5.1%

8.4%

3.9%

2.5%

CY

Full year resident adjustment

102.7%

102.3%

99.9%

100.1%

CY

Non-resident adjustment

108.0%

108.0%

108.0%

108.0%

FY

Earned income tax credit (Millions)

$4.265

$4.651

$4.749

CY

Elderly homeowner/renter credits (Millions)

$7.049

$7.049

$7.049

$7.049

CY

All other credits (Millions)

$98.413

$96.682

$99.059

$102.022

FY

Audit, penalty & interest collections (Millions)

$72.860

$74.556

$77.867

 

Property Tax

FY

Class 1 taxable value (Millions)

$4.432

$8.723

$8.651

FY

Class 2 taxable value (Millions)

$47.470

$46.156

$45.772

FY

Class 3 taxable value (Millions)

$152.236

$147.496

$147.411

FY

Class 4 taxable value (Millions)

$2,325.420

$3,211.635

$3,287.229

FY

Class 5 taxable value (Millions)

$54.520

$55.283

$56.057

FY

Class 7 taxable value (Millions)

$0.018

$0.018

$0.018

FY

Class 8 taxable value (Millions)

$149.090

$153.562

$157.087

FY

Class 9 taxable value (Millions)

$618.868

$634.959

$651.468

FY

Class 10 taxable value (Millions)

$4.733

$6.087

$6.519

FY

Class 12 taxable value (Millions)

$98.270

$95.910

$96.248

FY

Class 13 taxable value (Millions)

$148.451

$149.194

$149.940

FY

Class 14 taxable value (Millions)

$21.573

$23.989

$26.676

FY

Class 15 taxable value (Millions)

$3.640

$3.640

$3.640

FY

Class 17 taxable value (Millions)

$1.771

$1.771

$1.771

FY

Abatement value (Millions)

$29.771

$37.216

$38.037

FY

TIF Value (Millions)

$53.311

$53.639

$53.969

 

Corporate Income Tax

CY

WTI price ($/bbl)

$96.7

$82.3

$82.7

$84.5

CY

Domestic crude price ($/bbl)

$98.7

$84.2

$84.4

$86.3

CY

Montana retail sales (Millions)

$23,605

$23,443

$23,865

$24,438

CY

Montana median home price

$413,101

$423,472

$431,024

$436,850

CY

Montana population (Thousands)

1,119.0

1,129.6

1,139.8

1,149.2

CY

Wholesale employment (Thousands)

17.9

17.8

18.0

18.3

CY

3-month commercial paper

2.03%

4.42%

3.84%

2.76%

FY

Audit, penalty & interest collections (Millions)

$26.446

$25.158

$24.586

FY

Refunds (Millions)

-$21.643

-$21.126

-$21.999

 

Vehicle Taxes & Fees

FY

Montana new vehicle sales (Thousands)

51.095

55.838

58.654

FY

US new vehicle sales (Millions)

14.031

15.411

16.087

FY

US total vehicle stock (Millions)

292.310

293.477

295.642

Montana Population Growth

1.48%

1.01%

0.93%

0.86%

 

Oil & Natural Gas Production Tax

CY

WTI price ($/bbl)

$96.660

$82.303

$82.707

$84.466

CY

Montana oil price ratio

0.943

0.945

0.944

0.945

CY

Total oil production (Million barrels)

19.141

20.947

22.343

23.331

CY

Holiday oil production (Million barrels)

3.502

5.531

7.559

9.077

CY

Henry Hub price ($/Mcf)

$7.120

$5.547

$4.335

$4.401

CY

Montana natural gas price ratio

0.502

0.552

0.529

0.532

CY

Total natural gas production (Million MCFs)

92.935

88.196

84.196

83.878

CY

Holiday natural gas production (Million MCFs)

3.341

3.118

3.538

1.318

 

Insurance Tax & License Fees

FY

Montana PCE Finance & Insurance (Millions)

$3,640.708

$3,752

$3,897

$4,074

 

Other Business Taxes

 

Driver's License Fee

CY

Montana population age 16 and over (Millions)

0.912

0.923

0.933

0.943

 

Investment License Fee

FY

Montana PCE Finance & Insurance (Millions)

$3,640.708

$3,752

$3,897

$4,074

 

Lodging Taxes

FY

US consumer spending on accommodations (Billions)

$169.336

$191

$215

$231

 

Public Contractors Tax

FY

Highway payments (Millions)

$327.357

$326

$329

$329

FY

Other payments (Millions)

$921.890

$198

$209

$221

 

Railroad Car Tax

FY

Montana retail sales (Millions)

$17,715

$20,677

$23,288

 

Rental Car Sales Tax

FY

Montana PCE Transportation (Millions)

$1,927.677

$2,020

$1,993

$2,047

 

Telecommunications Excise Tax

FY

Montana population age 16 and over (Millions)

0.905

0.917

0.928

0.938

CY

Landline %

24%

18%

11%

5%

CY

Cell Phone %

96%

96%

96%

96%

CY

Prepaid smartphone penetration

40%

40%

40%

40%

 

Other Natural Resource Taxes

 

Coal Severance Tax

CY

Price ($/ton)

$46.49

$43.89

$24.00

$24.28

CY

Production (Million Tons)

26.301

26.405

25.241

24.166

 

Electrical Energy Tax

FY

Taxable Production (KWH)

19,472.771

19,206

18,758

18,482

 

Metalliferous Mines Tax

CY

Price: Copper ($/lb)

$2.56

$2.63

$2.70

$2.78

CY

Price: Silver ($/oz)

$17

$17

$17

$17

CY

Price: Gold ($/oz)

$1,568

$1,546

$1,524

$1,503

CY

Price: Moly ($/lb)

$20

$14

$15

$16

CY

Price: Palladium ($/oz)

$2,173

$2,254

$2,275

$2,234

CY

Price: Platinum ($/oz)

$1,025

$1,051

$1,077

$1,104

 

US Mineral Royalty

FFY

Oil price ($/bbl)

$36.30

$32.59

$29.26

$26.27

FFY

Oil production (Million barrels)

2.108

2.006

1.903

1.800

FFY

Coal price ($/ton)

$56.54

$63.58

$41.35

$34.54

FFY

Coal production (Million tons)

11.497

11.396

11.033

10.565

FFY

Natural gas price ($/MCF)

$2.34

$2.32

$2.30

$2.27

FFY

Natural gas production (Millions MCFs)

9.764

9.344

8.937

8.535

FFY

Rent and bonus payments ($ Millions)

0.236

0.236

0.236

 

Wholesale Energy Tax

FY

Production (KWH)

23,677.960

23,485

23,369

23,284

 

Other Interest Earnings

 

Coal Trust Interest

FY

Short term interest rates

3.22%

4.13%

3.30%

FY

Long term interest rates

3.55%

3.82%

4.09%

 

Treasury Cash Account Interest

FY

Short term interest rates

1.04%

3.22%

4.13%

3.30%

FY

Average balance (Millions)

$3,666

$3,144

$3,065

$2,989

 

Other Consumption Taxes

 

Beer Tax

FY

Montana PCE food (Millions)

$6,478

$6,750

$6,990

$7,251

FY

Montana population age 21 and above (Millions)

0.842

0.852

0.862

0.871

 

Cigarette Tax

FY

Consumer spending on tobacco (Millions)

$106

$103

$100

$96

FY

CPI for tobacco

153

164

176

189

FY

Montana population age 18 and above (Millions)

0.884

0.895

0.905

0.915

 

Liquor Excise & License Tax

FY

Montana PCE food (Millions)

$6,478

$6,750

$6,990

$7,251

 

Liquor Profits

FY

Montana PCE food (Millions)

$6,478

$6,750

$6,990

$7,251

 

Lottery Profits

FY

Montana population age 18 and above (Millions)

0.884

0.895

0.905

0.915

FY

Short term interest rates

1.04%

3.22%

4.13%

3.30%

 

Marijuana Tax

FY

Montana Population Growth

1.19%

0.95%

0.90%

0.83%

FY

Consumer Price Index (CPI)

7.16%

6.51%

2.91%

2.36%

 

Tobacco Tax

FY

Montana population age 18 and above (Millions)

0.884

0.895

0.905

0.915

FY

Montana PCE (Millions)

$76,859

$80,221

$83,874

$87,735

 

Wine Tax

FY

Montana population age 21 and above (Millions)

0.842

0.852

0.862

0.871

 

Other Sources

 

All Other Revenue

FY

Time series

2023

2024

2025

 

Highway Patrol Fines

FY

Time series

2023

2024

2025

 

Nursing Facilities Fee

FY

Time series

2023

2024

2025

 

Public Institution Reimbursements

FY

Montana nursing facility residents

3,197

3,659

3,565

3,470

 

Tobacco Settlement

FY

Volume (Millions)

170,974

189,070

182,395

175,955

FY

Inflation

8%

4%

3%

3%

 

SELECTED NONGENERAL FUND REVENUE

The estimates for selected nongeneral fund revenue for fiscal year 2023 and the 2024-2025 biennium are based on the assumptions of a continuation of Montana law as it existed on January 1, 2023. The revenue estimates contained in the following tables are based on the assumptions listed in the tables that follow the nongeneral fund estimates and the assumptions for each nongeneral fund revenue source contained in the "Legislative Budget Analysis, 2025 Biennium, Volume 2 -- Revenue Estimates" prepared by the Legislative Fiscal Division.

Current Law

Selected Nongeneral Fund Revenue Estimates

(In Millions of Dollars)

Actual

Estimated

Estimated

Estimated

Source of Revenue

FY 2022

FY 2023

FY 2024

FY 2025

Property Tax: 6 Mill

$21.921

$22.661

$28.750

$29.335

Natural Resource Taxes

Federal Forest Receipts

14.383

19.831

19.831

4.682

Resource Indemnity Tax

2.471

3.923

5.426

4.150

Natural Resource Taxes Subtotal

16.853

23.754

25.257

8.832

Interest Earnings

Capital Land Grant Interest and Income

1.341

1.596

1.428

1.435

Common School Interest and Income

46.366

49.476

53.185

55.802

Cultural Trust Interest

0.468

0.539

0.596

0.642

Deaf & Blind Interest and Income

0.254

0.282

0.311

0.327

Economic Development Trust

4.034

4.737

5.434

5.935

Parks Trust Interest

0.898

1.023

1.133

1.203

Pine Hills Interest and Income

0.317

0.357

0.365

0.402

Regional Water Trust Interest

3.136

3.338

3.627

3.873

Resource Indemnity Trust Interest

3.563

3.692

3.930

4.167

School Facilities Trust Interest

2.579

3.475

5.001

6.490

Tobacco Trust Interest

10.284

9.993

11.482

12.955

Montana Coal Endowment Trust Interest

9.091

10.795

11.722

12.307

Interest Earnings Subtotal

82.331

89.302

98.215

105.538

Consumption Taxes

Diesel Tax

114.137

112.658

113.902

117.168

Gasoline Tax

187.681

186.293

188.211

190.131

GVW and Other Fees

41.058

39.740

40.721

41.812

Marijuana Tax

22.113

23.549

24.929

25.492

Consumption Taxes Subtotal

364.989

362.240

367.764

374.603

Total of Selected Nongeneral Fund Sources

$486.094

$497.957

$519.985

$518.307

 

SELECTED ASSUMPTIONS FOR NONGENERAL FUND REVENUE ESTIMATES

Year

Assumption

2022

2023

2024

2025

Property Tax: 6 Mill

FY

Taxable Value (Millions)

$1.771

$1.771

$1.771

FY

TIF Value (Millions)

$53.311

$53.639

$53.969

FY

Abatement value (Millions)

$29.771

$37.216

$38.037

 

Natural Resource Taxes

 

Federal Forest Receipts

FY

Total Montana Receipts (Millions)

$19.831

$19.831

$4.682

 

Resource Indemnity Tax

FY

Coal Receipts (Millions)

$2.097

$1.920

$1.887

FY

Other Receipts (Millions)

$0.330

$0.293

$0.174

Interest Earnings

 

Capital Land Grant Interest and Income

FY

Lease Total (Millions)

$0.696

$0.679

$0.696

$0.690

FY

Permanent Fund Total (Millions)

$1.480

$1.772

$1.511

$1.576

FY

Administration Costs (Millions)

-$0.860

-$0.855

-$0.778

-$0.831

 

Common School Interest and Income

FY

TFBP Long Term Interest Rate

3.38%

3.45%

3.74%

4.04%

FY

Short Term Interest Rate

1.04%

3.22%

4.13%

3.30%

 

Cultural Trust Interest

FY

TFBP Long Term Interest Rate

3.39%

3.46%

3.75%

4.04%

FY

Short Term Interest Rate

0.33%

3.22%

4.13%

3.30%

 

Deaf & Blind Interest and Income

FY

TFBP Long Term Interest Rate

3.38%

3.45%

3.74%

4.04%

FY

Short Term Interest Rate

1.04%

3.22%

4.13%

3.30%

 

Economic Development Trust

FY

TFBP Long Term Interest Rate

3.16%

3.31%

3.63%

3.96%

FY

Short Term Interest Rate

0.34%

3.22%

4.13%

3.30%

 

Parks Trust Interest

FY

TFBP Long Term Interest Rate

3.43%

3.51%

3.79%

4.07%

FY

Short Term Interest Rate

0.29%

3.22%

4.13%

3.30%

 

Pine Hills Interest and Income

FY

TFBP Long Term Interest Rate

3.38%

3.45%

3.74%

4.04%

FY

Short Term Interest Rate

1.04%

3.22%

4.13%

3.30%

 

Regional Water Trust Interest

FY

TFBP Long Term Interest Rate

3.33%

3.48%

3.77%

4.05%

FY

Short Term Interest Rate

2.96%

3.22%

4.13%

3.30%

 

Resource Indemnity Trust Interest

FY

TFBP Long Term Interest Rate

3.56%

3.69%

3.93%

4.17%

FY

Short Term Interest Rate

1.04%

3.22%

4.13%

3.30%

 

School Facilities Trust Interest

FY

TFBP Long Term Interest Rate

2.99%

2.94%

3.35%

3.75%

FY

Short Term Interest Rate

1.04%

3.22%

4.13%

3.30%

 

Tobacco Trust Interest

FY

TFBP Long Term Interest Rate

3.27%

3.35%

3.66%

3.98%

FY

Short Term Interest Rate

0.25%

3.22%

4.13%

3.30%

 

Treasure State Endowment Trust Interest

FY

TFBP Long Term Interest Rate

3.51%

3.79%

4.07%

4.34%

FY

Short Term Interest Rate

0.61%

3.22%

4.13%

3.30%

Consumption Taxes

 

Diesel Tax

FY

Time Series

2023

2024

2025

 

Gasoline Tax

FY

Time Series

2023

2024

2025

 

GVW and Other Fees

FY

Time Series

2023

2024

2025

 

 


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